Luận văn A study of "up"-"down" in english and "lên" - "xuống" in vietnamese: a cognitive semantics perspective

Tóm tắt Luận văn A study of "up"-"down" in english and "lên" - "xuống" in vietnamese: a cognitive semantics perspective: ...languages. This was executed by juxtaposing cases of syntactic realizations of “up” – “down” and “lên” – “xuống” in different structures and semantic features both literal meanings and metaphorical meanings. 3.4. RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY 10 I followed the designed procedures as presente...ral metaphorical structure of the metaphorical images “happy is up, sad is down”, “conscious is up, unconscious is down” or “health and life are up, sickness and death are down”. We can analyse “happy is up, sad is down” like the following way: SOURCE DOMAIN → TARGET DOMAIN UP → HAPPY ...e of “lên” –“xuống” denoting the concepts “lên nhà trên”, “xuống bếp”, “xuống nhà dưới” which are known as “nhà trên” has the orientation of a better, more polite, luxurious place than “nhà dưới”, therefore, when we want to emphasize a better, higher position, “lên” is used to to infer the m...